Scientific Research
Thanks to scientific research, we can continue to strive for better insights and improved care for athletes worldwide
Scientific research
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Exercise induced leg pain due to endofibrosis of external iliac artery
Due to monotonous movement patterns, muscular hypertrophy, and increased cardiac output peripheral vasculature of athletes are subject to extreme stresses during athletic performance. Individuals suffering from exercise induced non-traumatic lower leg...
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A phenomenological and multiscale modeling of arterial growth and remodeling under endofibrosis
High level endurance sports, like biking, may lead to a vascular pathology called endofibrosis. Its symptoms are an arterial wall thickening and a reduction of the artery lumen calibre. Cyclists are impacted in the iliac arteries due to a pinching and...
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Debilitating Claudication in an Ultramarathon Runner: A Case of Iliac Artery Endofibrosis
External iliac artery endofibrosis is characterized by intimal fibrosis and often presents as a gradual decrease of exercise capacity due to exertional claudication-like symptoms, traditionally of the lower extremities.1 The data on the prevalence of...
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Objectives: Approximately one in five professional cycling athletes will eventually develop a sport-related vascular problem. However, detecting such flow limitation is a diagnostic challenge as the sensitivity of the currently available standard...
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Purpose: To prospectively compare the diagnostic capabilities of computed tomography angiography (CTA) to those of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in endurance athletes with suspicion of arterial endofibrosis. Materials and methods: Forty-five...
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Exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis is an uncommon entity that is most frequently identified in high-performance athletes, especially cyclists. We present this disease in a male professional cyclist of 22 years of age. The course of his condition,...
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Peripheral Vascular Imaging Focusing on Nonatherosclerotic Disease
A variety of nonatherosclerotic diseases affect the arteries of the pelvis and lower extremities. Chronic repetitive traumatic conditions, such as popliteal entrapment and external iliac artery fibroelastosis, vasculitis and connective tissue diseases,...
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Ankle and arm pressure recordings for the diagnosis of exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis
BACKGROUND: Measurement of ankle and brachial blood pressure after maximal exercise is largely used to diagnose exercise‑induced arterial endofibrosis (EIAE). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the different available methods and combination of...
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Long Distance Triathlete With Iliac Endofibrosis
A 48 year old long distance triathlete complained of exercise induced thigh pain on the left side for several years. Physical examination in the presence of strongly palpable foot pulses was uneventful at rest, but there was a drop in ankle brachial...
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A 45-year-old woman was presented with a 2-year history of left lower limb claudication symptoms occurring only during long-distance running. Multimodal imaging with exercise duplex ultrasonography and magnetic resonance angiogram confirmed the...
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Overview of arterial pathology related to repetitive trauma in athletes
Background/objective: Sport-related vascular trauma is an important consequence of increased physical activity. Repetitive, high-intensity movements predispose athletes to vascular disease, including arterial pathology, by exerting increased pressure...
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Diagnosis and management of external iliac endofibrosis: A case report
External iliac artery endofibrosis is an uncommon, nonatherosclerotic disease seen in endurance cyclists. It is poorly identified by providers. These otherwise healthy patients usually present with symptoms of arterial insufficiency, such as thigh or...
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Objective: High-performance athletes can develop symptomatic arterial flow restriction during exercise caused by endofibrosis. The pathogenesis is poorly understood; however, coagulation enzymes, such as tissue factor (TF) and coagulation factor Xa,...
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Arterial endofibrosis is a vascular disease that typically affects the external iliac artery in young patients who undergo extreme exercise, mainly bicyclists.1 The diagnosis is indirectly suspected when these extreme athletes undergo ankle-brachial...
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External Iliac Artery Endofibrosis in a Female Cyclist: A Case Report
External iliac artery endofibrosis is a rare disease described mainly in male endurance athletes. It presents as claudication of the lower limb during near-maximum effort. The patients lack the usual risk factors for atherosclerosis, which makes...
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Pedal power measurement as a diagnostic tool for functional vascular problems
Background: Cyclists with flow limitations in the iliac arteries complain of pain and loss of power. To investigate whether pedal power measurement has added value in diagnosing the underlying cause of flow limitations in the iliac arteries, we...
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Endurance cyclists have a substantial risk to develop flow limitations in the iliac arteries during their career. These flow limitations are due to extreme hemodynamic stress which may result in functional arterial kinking and/or intravascular lesions....
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Bilateral external iliac artery thrombosis due to endofibrosis in a 33-year-old female triathlete
External iliac artery endofibrosis is a rare disease predominantly affecting young, male elite performance athletes. The disease is characterized by fibrosis and hypertrophy of the intimal layer of the arterial wall and is likely due to multiple...
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Don’t Just Blame it on the Veins: An Update on Vascular Exertional Limb Pain
Exertional limb pain is a common problem encountered in recreational and competitive athletes. Affecting both the upper and lower extremities, this broad entity can be musculoskeletal, vascular, neurologic, oncologic, or infectious in origin. This...
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BACKGROUND: This study is to assess the applicability and performance of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the diagnosis of exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis (EIAE). METHODS: NIRS was measured on each thigh, in 12 highly trained...